The high-temperature group had lower mortality compared to the normal temperature group but without statistical significance. When adjusted for age, gender and CFS, the adjusted OR for 30-day mortality was 3.15 (95% CI 1.77–5.61, P < 0.001). When the low-temperature group was compared to the normal-temperature-group, the crude odds ratio (OR) for 30-day mortality was 3.03 (95% CI 1.72–5.35, P < 0.001). ![]() During the 90-day follow-up, 25 (19.7%), 111 (8.3%) and 8 (7.2%) patients died in the low-, normal- and high-temperature groups, respectively. During the 30-day follow-up, 17 (13.4%), 65 (4.9%) and 3 (2.7%) patients died in the low-, normal- and high-temperature groups, respectively. ![]() A total of 85 (5.5%) patients died within 30 days and 144 (9.2%) within 90 days of ED admission. The outcome data were available for all patient visits. The study was registered at on December 20, 2018, identifier NCT03751319. IBM SPSS Statistics version 27 for Windows was used for statistical analyses. A P value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant for all tests. Binary logistic regression was performed to adjust for potential confounders. Crude and adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for outcome data. Statistical significance of the baseline difference between the groups was tested with the chi-square test for binary variables, and with the Kruskal–Wallis H test for nonparametric variables. The outcome measures in this study were 30-day and 90-day mortality.Īge, gender and CFS class were considered as potential confounders and were included in logistic regression analysis.īackground and outcome data were compared between the groups. The included patients were allocated to three groups based on their NEWS2 temperature class: low-body-temperature group T ≤ 36.0 ☌ (NEWS2 classes ≤ 35.0 ☌ and 35.1–36.0 ☌), normal-body-temperature group T 36.1–38.0 ☌, and high-body-temperature group T ≥ 38.1 ☌ (NEWS2 classes 38.1–39.0 ☌ or ≥ 39.1 ☌). Patients whose CFS score was assessed as nine were excluded, as this group is defined to have a short life expectancy without evident frailty. According to the ED’s routine protocol tympanic measurement was performed with an automatic digital thermometer. This secondary analysis included those patients whose body temperature class was documented as part of their initial National Early Warning Score 2 (NEWS2). In short, patient data were collected from electronic health records and case report forms. Methods for recruitment and data collection have been described in detail in a previous article. Patient visit data were prospectively collected between Decemand June 7, 2019. Patient inclusion criteria for the study were: ≥ 75 years of age, score of 4–9 on the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), and registered resident in the hospital district. Low body temperature in frail older ED patients was associated with significantly higher 30- and 90-day mortality.Ī prospective observational cohort study of frail older adult patients was performed in an academic ED in Finland with some 60,000 adult patient visits per year. Mortality of the high-temperature group did not differ significantly when compared to the normal-temperature group. This association remained when adjusted for age, CFS score and gender. Resultsġ577 patients, 61.2% female, were included. Odds ratios (OR) for 30-day and 90-day mortality were analysed. Patients were allocated to three groups by body temperature: low ≤ 36.0 ☌, normal 36.1–38.0 and high ≥ 38.1. ![]() Inclusion criteria were: ≥ 75 years of age, Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) score of 4–8, and temperature documented at ED admission. The aim of this study was to assess the association between low body temperature and mortality in frail older adults in the emergency department (ED). ![]() William Li, MD, is a physician, scientist and the New York Times bestselling author of "Eat to Beat Your Diet: Burn Fat, Heal Your Metabolism, and Live Longer" and "Eat to Beat Disease." His groundbreaking work has led to the development of more than 40 new medical treatments and impacts care for more than 70 diseases including cancer, diabetes, blindness, heart disease and obesity. Department of Agriculture showed that drinking six cups of oolong tea three days a week improved overall metabolism.ĭr. Studies have found that matcha can counter the metabolic effects of a high-fat diet. Matcha tea: Matcha is a green tea known for its vivid green color.
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